In today’s machining field, CNC lathes have been widely used in various fields. The use of CNC lathes can avoid problems such as insufficient structural rigidity, poor shock resistance, and large frictional resistance of sliding surfaces. And it is of great help to improve turning efficiency and reduce costs.
There are many types of CNC lathes, but they are generally composed of three parts: the main body of the lathe, the CNC device and the servo system.
1. The main body of the lathe
1.1 Spindle and headstock
The rotation accuracy of the CNC lathe spindle has a great impact on the accuracy of the machined parts, and its power and rotation speed also have a certain impact on the processing efficiency. If the spindle box of the CNC lathe is a CNC lathe with automatic speed regulation function, the transmission structure of the spindle box has been simplified. For the retrofitted CNC lathe with dual functions of manual operation and automatic control processing, basically the original headstock is still reserved.
1.2. Guide rail
The guide rail of the CNC lathe provides a guarantee for the feed movement. To a large extent, it will have a certain impact on the stiffness, accuracy and stability of the lathe at low speed feed, which is also one of the important factors affecting the quality of parts processing. In addition to some CNC lathes using the traditional sliding guide rails, the CNC lathes produced by stereotypes have used plastic-coated guide rails more.
1.3. Mechanical transmission mechanism
Except for the gear transmission and other mechanisms in part of the headstock, the CNC lathe has made some simplifications on the basis of the original ordinary lathe transmission chain. The hanging wheel box, feed box, slide box and most of its transmission mechanisms are cancelled, and only the screw transmission mechanism of vertical and horizontal feed is retained, and the addition between the drive motor and the lead screw (a few lathes are not added) ) can eliminate its backlash gear pair.
2. Numerical control device
In the field of CNC machine tools, the CNC device is the core of the machine tool. It mainly accepts the CNC machining program sent by the input device from the internal memory, compiles it through the circuit or software of the CNC device, and outputs control information and instructions after the operation and processing. Each part of the machine tool works so that it can move in an orderly manner.
3. Servo system
There are two aspects in the servo system: one is the servo unit, and the other is the driving device.
The servo unit is the link between the CNC and the lathe. It can amplify the weak signal in the CNC device to form the signal of the high-power drive device. Depending on the received command, the servo unit can be divided into pulse type and analog type.
Drive decoration is to program the mechanical movement of the CNC signal expanded by the servo unit, and drive the lathe through simple connection and removal of connecting parts, so that the worktable can accurately locate the relative movement of the trajectory, and finally process the required products according to the requirements.
Post time: Sep-30-2022