Lathes, boring machines, grinders… Look at the historical evolution of various machine tools-2

According to the formulating method of machine tool models, machine tools are divided into 11 categories: lathes, drilling machines, boring machines, grinding machines, gear processing machines, threading machines, milling machines, planer slotting machines, broaching machines, sawing machines and other machine tools. In each type of machine tool, it is divided into several groups according to the process range, layout type and structural performance, and each group is divided into several series. But do the gold powders know the development history of these machine tools? Today, the editor will talk to you about the historical stories of planers, grinders, and drill presses.

 
1. Planer

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In the process of invention, many things are often complementary and interlocked: in order to manufacture a steam engine, the help of a boring machine is needed; after the invention of the steam engine, the gantry planer is called for again in terms of process requirements. It can be said that it was the invention of the steam engine that led to the design and development of the “working machine” from boring machines and lathes to gantry planers. In fact, a planer is a “plane” that plans metal.

 

1. Gantry planer for processing large planes (1839) Due to the need for plane processing of steam engine valve seats, many technicians began to study this aspect since the beginning of the 19th century, including Richard Robert, Richard Pula Special, James Fox and Joseph Clement, etc., they started in 1814 and independently manufactured the gantry planer within 25 years. This gantry planer is to fix the processed object on the reciprocating platform, and the planer cuts one side of the processed object. However, this planer has no knife feeding device, and is in the process of transforming from “tool” to “machine”. In 1839, a British man named Bodmer finally designed a gantry planer with a knife feeding device.

2. Planer for processing facets Another Englishman, Neismith, invented and manufactured a planer for processing facets within 40 years from 1831. It can fix the processed object on the bed, and the tool moves back and forth.

Since then, due to the improvement of tools and the emergence of electric motors, gantry planers have developed in the direction of high-speed cutting and high precision on the one hand, and in the direction of large-scale development on the other hand.

 

 

 

2. Grinder

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Grinding is an ancient technique known to mankind since ancient times. This technique was used to grind stone tools in the Paleolithic Age. Later, with the use of metal utensils, the development of grinding technology was promoted. However, the design of a veritable grinding machine is still a recent thing. Even in the early 19th century, people still used a natural grinding stone to make it contact the workpiece for grinding.

 

1. The first grinder (1864) In 1864, the United States made the world’s first grinder, which is a device that installs a grinding wheel on the slide tool holder of the lathe and makes it have an automatic transmission. After 12 years, Brown in the United States invented a universal grinder that is close to the modern grinder.

2. Artificial grindstone – the birth of grinding wheel (1892) The demand for artificial grindstone also arises. How to develop a grindstone that is more wear-resistant than a natural grindstone? In 1892, American Acheson successfully trial-produced silicon carbide made of coke and sand, which is an artificial grindstone now called C abrasive; two years later, A abrasive with alumina as the main component was trial-produced. Success, in this way, the grinding machine has been widely used.

Later, due to the further improvement of bearings and guide rails, the precision of the grinder became higher and higher, and it developed in the direction of specialization. Internal grinders, surface grinders, roller grinders, gear grinders, universal grinders, etc. appeared.
3. Drilling machine

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1. The ancient drilling machine – “bow and reel” drilling technology has a long history. Archaeologists have now discovered that the device for punching holes was invented by humans in 4000 BC. The ancients set up a beam on two uprights, and then hung a rotatable awl downward from the beam, and then wound the awl with a bowstring to drive the awl to rotate, so that holes could be punched in the wood and stone. Soon, people also designed a punching tool called a “roller wheel”, which also used an elastic bowstring to make the awl rotate.

 

2. The first drilling machine (Whitworth, 1862) was around 1850, and the German Martignoni first made a twist drill for metal drilling; at the International Exposition held in London, England in 1862, The British Whitworth exhibited a drill press driven by a power-driven cast iron cabinet, which became the prototype of a modern drill press.

Since then, various drilling machines have appeared one after another, including radial drilling machines, drilling machines with automatic feed mechanisms, and multi-axis drilling machines that can simultaneously drill multiple holes at one time. Thanks to improvements in tool materials and drill bits, and the introduction of electric motors, large, high-performance drill presses were finally produced.


Post time: Jun-13-2022